标签： 武汉夜生活网

The following article comes from Suzhou CDC, and the author is Suzhou CDC.

Suzhou disease control.

Disease control institution

Suzhou CDC WeChat WeChat official account

In the cold winter.

Infectious diseases such as influenza and mycoplasma pneumonia are high.

To this end, Suzhou CDC released

Guidelines for vaccination of respiratory infectious diseases in high incidence period

Let’s watch it together!

?

flu

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious, mainly spread by droplets, but also indirectly through contact with contaminated hands and daily necessities. People are generally susceptible. After infection, they will gain a certain degree of immunity to the same subtype, but there is no cross-immunity between different subtypes, so people can get sick repeatedly because of different subtypes of infection.

Vaccination of influenza vaccine every year is the most effective means to prevent influenza. Because the composition of influenza vaccine will change due to the different epidemic dominant strains in that year, it is necessary to vaccinate influenza vaccine every year.

According to the types of influenza virus strains, influenza vaccines are currently divided into trivalent and tetravalent.

The strains covered by trivalent influenza vaccine this year are: influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and influenza B Victoria; The tetravalent influenza vaccine contains more strains of Yamagata influenza virus B than trivalent influenza vaccine.

At present, the influenza vaccine in Suzhou is a non-immunization program vaccine, which is vaccinated by residents voluntarily at their own expense.

Influenza vaccine immunization program:

1. Adult trivalent and tetravalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine, the target of vaccination is people aged 3 years and above, with one dose;

2. Children’s trivalent and tetravalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine, the vaccination target is children aged 6-35 months, and 1 or 2 doses are inoculated according to the vaccine instructions of different manufacturers;

3. Live attenuated trivalent influenza vaccine, targeted at children and adolescents aged 36 months to 17 years, with one dose.

Pneumococcal disease

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the main pathogen causing pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and other serious diseases in children, and it is also the common cause of acute otitis media and sinusitis.

Pneumococcus is often temporarily colonized in human nasopharynx, and infants are the main hosts, which are generally transmitted by respiratory droplets or caused by colonized bacteria.

WHO lists pneumococcal diseases as diseases requiring "extremely high priority" for vaccine prevention. At present, the pneumococcal vaccines approved for marketing in China are divided into 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).

PCV13

At present, there are three kinds of PCV13 listed in China, all of which are suitable for infants and children aged 6-5 (before their 6th birthday). Specific vaccination procedures are as follows:

PPV23

PPV23 is used for people over 2 years old with increased risk of pneumococcal infection and pneumococcal diseases, especially but not limited to the following key populations:

① the elderly population;

② Individuals with chronic cardiovascular diseases (including congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy), chronic lung diseases (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema) or diabetes;

③ Individuals suffering from alcoholism, chronic liver diseases (including cirrhosis) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage;

④ Functional or anatomical individuals without spleen;

⑤ People with impaired immune function (including HIV-infected people, leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, multiple myeloma, common malignant tumors, patients with chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome), patients with immunosuppressive therapy (including corticosteroids) and patients with organ or bone marrow transplantation.

Usually, only one dose should be inoculated to the target. For those who need multiple cropping, they should be inoculated according to the instructions, and the interval of multiple cropping should be at least 5 years.

In order to implement the "531" action plan of Suzhou Healthy City, implement major infectious disease prevention and control projects, further reduce the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia among the elderly in this city, and reduce the disease burden caused by the disease, Suzhou City has implemented free vaccination of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for the elderly over 65 years old in the city since April 2018. During the implementation of the project, every eligible elderly person can enjoy a free vaccination.

Mumps, measles and rubella

01

epidemic parotitis

Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by mumps virus, which is more common in children and adolescents, but also in adults. It occurs in winter and spring, and it is easy to break out in schools, nurseries, kindergartens and other places where children are concentrated.

02

measles

Measles is caused by measles virus, which is highly contagious, and human beings are generally susceptible to measles virus. Patients are the only source of infection and spread from person to person through respiratory droplets.

03

rubella

Rubella is caused by rubella virus and is highly contagious. Rubella patients are the source of rubella infection and spread through respiratory droplets. Typical rubella has a pink mottled rash, which is easy to distinguish from measles with patchy dark red spots and papules. The mother suffers from rubella during pregnancy, and the virus can invade the fetus through the placenta, which may lead to fetal malformation, premature delivery, abortion and other dangers.

Vaccination with measles vaccine (MMR) is an effective means to prevent the above three infectious diseases.

Suzhou is currently carrying out the work of leak detection and replanting of vaccines containing measles components. Children aged 8-17 months who have not been vaccinated with measles vaccine, and children aged 18 months -18 years who have not been vaccinated with measles vaccine for 2 doses, all children who have no contraindications for vaccination with measles vaccine are the recipients.

In addition, in order to improve the level of protective antibodies against measles and rubella among teenagers, reduce the incidence of measles and rubella among the target population in adulthood, and reduce the risk of neonatal congenital rubella syndrome caused by rubella infection in women’s reproductive stage, Suzhou City has included the enhanced immunization program of measles and rubella vaccine for junior middle school students in local immunization plans, and all junior middle school students who are in good health and have no contraindications to measles and rubella vaccine can receive a dose of measles and rubella vaccine for free.

chickenpox

Chickenpox is a common infectious disease in children caused by varicella-zoster virus infection. Chickenpox patients are the only source of infection, mainly through respiratory droplets and direct contact.

The disease is highly contagious and people are generally susceptible to chickenpox. Persistent immunity can be obtained after illness, and it is rare to get chickenpox again, but herpes zoster can occur repeatedly. This disease can occur all year round, with the peak in winter and spring.

Vaccination program for varicella:

Vaccination with varicella vaccine is the most economical and effective means to control the spread of varicella.

Since January 1, 2023, Jiangsu Province has included live attenuated varicella vaccine in children’s immunization program, and school-age children can receive two doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine free of charge.

Immunization procedures are: the first dose for 12-18 months old, the second dose for 4-year-old children, and the interval between the two doses is not less than 3 months.

epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is purulent meningitis caused by meningococcus, which is a very dangerous acute respiratory infectious disease.

The high incidence season of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in China is in winter and spring. Man is the only host of meningococcus, which is spread by droplets or respiratory secretions. Carriers and patients are the main sources of infection. The population is generally susceptible, and the infection rate is the highest among children under 5 years old, especially infants from 6 months to 2 years old.

At present, there are five groups of meningococci causing human diseases: group A, group B, group C, group Y and group W135. The preventable groups of vaccines containing epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in China are group A, group C, group Y and group W135.

Vaccination program for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis:

According to the vaccination program of the national expanded immunization program, children aged 6 and 9 months were vaccinated with group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was strengthened when they were 3 and 6 years old.

In addition, there are self-funded vaccines containing meningococcal components, including AC conjugate vaccine, AC-b combined vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae (AC-Hib combined vaccine) and ACYW135 group meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib for short) can cause serious diseases in children, such as meningitis, pneumonia, septicemia, cellulitis, pericarditis and osteomyelitis. Hib can be colonized in human nasopharynx, and carriers are the main source of infection, mainly transmitted by droplets. More than 90% of cases of invasive Hib disease occur in children under 5 years old.

Hib immunization program:

In the Hib Vaccine Position Paper published by WHO, since serious Hib diseases mainly occur in children aged 4-18 months, they should be vaccinated as early as 6 weeks after birth.

Hib vaccine is a non-immunization program vaccine, and it is vaccinated according to the principle of voluntary, self-funded and informed consent.

At present, the vaccines containing Hib ingredients approved for marketing in China include: Hib conjugate vaccine, acellular DTP Hib conjugate vaccine (quadruple vaccine), adsorbed acellular DTP inactivated polio and Hib conjugate vaccine (quintuple vaccine), and AC meningococcal (conjugate) Hib conjugate vaccine (meningococcal AC-Hib conjugate vaccine).

(1) Hib conjugate vaccine

(1) Infants under 6 months old: from 2 months old or 3 months old, once every 1 month or 2 months, for 3 times in total. At the age of 18 months, one more booster immunization can be given.

(2) Infants aged 6-12 months: once every 1 month or 2 months, twice in total. At the age of 18 months, one more booster immunization can be given.

(3) Children aged 1-5: Only once.

(2) Quadruple vaccine

Three doses of basic immunization were given at the age of 3, 4 and 5 months; One dose of booster immunization was given at the age of 18-24 months.

(3) Five vaccines

Three doses of basic immunization were given at the age of 2, 3 and 4 months or 3, 4 and 5 months; One dose of booster immunization was given at the age of 18 months.

(4) meningococcal AC-Hib combined vaccine

(1) Vaccination begins at the age of 2-5 months, and a total of 3 doses are required, with an interval of 1 month for each dose;

(2) Vaccination begins at the age of 6-11 months, and a total of 2 doses are required, with an interval of 1 month for each dose;

(3) Vaccination is started at the age of 12-71 months, and only one dose is needed.

December 2023

Adult vaccination outpatient information in Kunshan City

(▲ Click to view a larger image)

December 2023

Outpatient information of children vaccination in Kunshan City

(▲ Click to view a larger image)

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Original title: "Prevention of respiratory infectious diseases, vaccination guide is coming! 》

Read the original text

　　Reference News Network reported on February 18, Japan’s "Daily News" published an editorial on February 17, pointing out that the stick of protectionism in the United States harms the interests of all countries.

　　The editorial pointed out that last year, the United States introduced measures aimed at prohibiting semiconductor trade with China, and in order to block semiconductor production in China, the United States also asked Japan and the Netherlands, which are strong in the field of chip equipment manufacturing, to take a unified step.

　　What worries Japan, the United States and Europe is that China’s military technology has been further strengthened with the improvement of artificial intelligence and other fields. According to WTO rules, there are cases where trade can be restricted for security reasons.

　　But in the digital society, many cutting-edge technologies can be used for both military and civilian purposes. If, in the name of security, the scope of exceptions is expanded endlessly, the free trade mechanism may collapse.

　　The editorial believes that the government can use export restrictions as a means of defense, but only if the move is well-founded and carried out within the framework of international cooperation.

　　For a long time, both Japan and the United States have emphasized the importance of rule-based economic activities, and (Japan and the United States) cannot destroy its value by itself.

　　In addition, it is necessary for all parties to consider the impact of restrictive measures on the economy. About 30% of Japanese semiconductor manufacturing equipment is exported to the China market. Restricting exports to China will have a great impact on enterprises and investors.

　　The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry should further study the specific contents of what types of equipment are restricted for export. In order to eliminate people’s concerns about protectionism, easy-to-understand explanations and high transparency are indispensable.

And China is bound to object to this. China has been exercising its influence with resources and markets. Restriction measures related to chips may lead them to take countermeasures to restrict the export of important materials such as rare metals.

　　Major countries have established export management frameworks to prevent the proliferation of technologies that can be converted into military applications. However, with the intensification of confrontation between the United States, Europe and Japan and countries such as China and Russia, it is difficult for such frameworks to play a role.

　　In order not to damage the benefits brought by the free trade mechanism, it is necessary to balance security and economic activities. What Japan, sandwiched between the United States and China, should do is to formulate a multi-level strategy to rebuild the trade order.

Order of the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China

No.51

　　The measures for the administration of computer virus prevention and control have been adopted at the executive meeting of the Minister of Public Security on March 30, 2000, and are hereby promulgated.

Minister of Public Security Jia Chunwang

April 26th, 2000

　　　　

Measures for the administration of computer virus prevention and control

　　Article 1 In order to strengthen the prevention and control of computer viruses, protect the security of computer information systems, and ensure the application and development of computers, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems.

　　Article 2 The term "computer virus" as mentioned in these Measures refers to a set of computer instructions or program codes that are compiled or inserted into computer programs, destroy computer functions or data, affect the use of computers, and can replicate themselves.

　　Article 3 These Measures shall apply to the prevention and control of computer viruses in computer information systems and computers not connected to the Internet in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　Article 4 The public information network security supervision department of the Ministry of Public Security is in charge of the prevention and control of computer viruses throughout the country.

　　Local public security organs at all levels are specifically responsible for the prevention and control of computer viruses within their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 5 No unit or individual may produce computer viruses.

　　Article 6 No unit or individual may commit any of the following acts of spreading computer viruses:

　　(1) intentionally importing computer viruses, endangering the security of computer information systems;

　　(2) Providing files, software and media containing computer viruses to others;

　　(3) Selling, renting or giving away media containing computer viruses;

　　(four) other acts of spreading computer viruses.

　　Article 7 No unit or individual may publish a false computer virus epidemic to the society.

　　Article 8 Units engaged in the production of computer virus prevention products shall submit virus samples to the computer virus prevention product testing institutions approved by the public information network safety supervision department of the Ministry of Public Security in a timely manner.

　　Ninth computer virus prevention and control products testing institutions shall timely analyze and confirm the submitted virus samples, and report the confirmation results to the public information network security supervision department of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　Article 10 The identification of computer viruses shall be undertaken by the institutions approved by the public information network security supervision department of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　Eleventh units using computer information systems shall perform the following duties in the prevention and control of computer viruses:

　　(a) the establishment of the unit’s computer virus prevention and control management system;

　　(two) to take computer virus security technology prevention and control measures;

　　(three) to educate and train the users of the computer information system of the unit on computer virus prevention;

　　(four) timely detection and removal of computer viruses in computer information systems, and keep records of detection and removal;

　　(five) the use of computer virus prevention products with a sales license for computer information system security products;

　　(six) to report to the public security organ in a timely manner the major accidents caused by computer viruses, such as the paralysis of computer information systems and the serious destruction of programs and data, and to protect the scene.

　　Article 12 Any unit or individual shall conduct computer virus detection when downloading programs and data from computer information networks or purchasing, maintaining or borrowing computer equipment.

　　Thirteenth any unit or individual sales, complimentary computer virus prevention products, should have a sales license for computer information system security products, and labeled "sales license".

　　Fourteenth units and individuals engaged in the production, sale, lease and maintenance of computer equipment or media shall carry out computer virus detection and removal work on computer equipment or media, and keep records of detection and removal.

　　Fifteenth any unit or individual shall accept the supervision, inspection and guidance of the public security organs on the prevention and control of computer viruses.

　　Sixteenth in non-business activities in violation of the provisions of article fifth, article sixth, second, third and fourth acts, the public security organs shall impose a fine of one thousand yuan.

　　In business activities, if there is any violation of the provisions of Article 5 and Article 6, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, and there is no illegal income, the public security organ shall impose a fine of not more than 10,000 yuan on the unit and a fine of not more than 5,000 yuan on the individual; If there is illegal income, a fine of less than three times the illegal income shall be imposed, but the maximum amount shall not exceed 30 thousand yuan.

　　In violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 6 of these Measures, it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the Regulations on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　Seventeenth in violation of the provisions of Article 7 and Article 8 of these measures, the public security organ shall impose a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan on the unit, and impose a fine of not more than 500 yuan on the person in charge and the person directly responsible; Impose a fine of not more than 500 yuan on individuals.

　　Eighteenth in violation of the provisions of article ninth of these measures, the public security organ shall give a warning and order it to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the testing qualification of the testing institution for computer virus prevention and control products shall be cancelled.

　　Nineteenth computer information system users have one of the following acts, by the public security organs shall be given a warning and ordered to make corrections within a time limit according to the situation; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of 1,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit, and a fine of 500 yuan shall be imposed on the person in charge and the person directly responsible:

　　(a) did not establish the unit computer virus prevention and control management system;

　　(two) did not take computer virus security technology prevention and control measures;

　　(3) Failing to educate and train the users of the computer information system of the unit on computer virus prevention;

　　(4) Failing to detect and eliminate computer viruses in the computer information system in time, thus causing harm to the computer information system;

　　(5) Failing to use the computer virus prevention products with the sales license for special products for computer information system security, thus causing harm to the computer information system.

　　Twentieth in violation of the provisions of article fourteenth of these measures, there is no illegal income, the public security organ shall impose a fine of ten thousand yuan on the unit and a fine of five thousand yuan on the individual; If there is illegal income, a fine of less than three times the illegal income shall be imposed, but the maximum amount shall not exceed 30 thousand yuan.

　　Twenty-first the term "computer virus epidemic" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the report or forecast of the time, scope, damage characteristics and damage consequences of a certain computer virus.

　　The term "media" as mentioned in these Measures refers to computer floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, optical disks, etc.

　　Article 22 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

CCTV News:China — The Central Asia Summit will be held in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province from May 18th to 19th, and the presidents of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan will be invited to attend. Recently, Kazakh President Nursultan Tokayev accepted an exclusive interview with the program "High-end Interview" of the main station. Tokayev said that Kazakhstan has always advocated peace and friendship, hoping to bring together all those who are committed to promoting peace and build a bridge of peace between countries in conflict.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:President Tokayev, Kazakhstan has a unique geographical position and has been given many different titles for many years. Some scholars believe that Kazakhstan is "the key to the new geopolitical balance between Europe and Asia", while others call it a "diplomatic bridge" between East and West. How do you evaluate Kazakhstan’s role in today’s geopolitical landscape?

Kazakh President Tokayev:Kazakhstan has always advocated peace and friendship. At the diplomatic level, this means that we hope to host international forums and conferences, so that all those who are committed to promoting peace can get together and build a bridge of peace between countries in conflict. Therefore, the development of Kazakhstan is becoming more and more important to the world today.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:Mr. President, you have repeatedly expressed your hope to build a pluralistic and balanced foreign policy. The first thing I want to ask is, how do you define the concept of "multiple balance"?

Kazakh President Tokayev:This policy means that we want to have as many friends as possible all over the world. On the international stage, we have shown a high sense of responsibility in the field of security. I believe Kazakhstan can successfully implement this kind of foreign policy. It is our historical mission to establish peaceful and friendly diplomatic relations with other countries. Among them, it is particularly important to maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries. In this regard, China plays a crucial role.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:However, there are some practical factors. Mr. President, Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world and is adjacent to many big countries. Moreover, Kazakhstan has complicated relations with some countries facing geopolitical tensions. Will this make it more and more difficult for Kazakhstan to pursue a pluralistic and balanced foreign policy?

　　　　　　 Kazakh President Tokayev:Yes, sometimes it becomes more and more difficult. But even so, we have always adhered to and pursued this pluralistic and balanced foreign policy. You’re right, Kazakhstan is a vast country, so we should ensure that the overall environment, especially the political environment, is friendly to meet the needs of economic development.

Tokayev: Kazakhstan and China maintain close ties in many fields.

Tokayev said in an exclusive interview that Kazakhstan and China have maintained very close ties in many fields. China is a very reliable partner and is ready to expand cooperation in as many fields as possible in the future.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:In the economic field, China has been one of Kazakhstan’s largest trading partners for many years. You expressed the hope that economic and trade relations will continue to deepen. What industries or fields do you include?

Kazakh President Tokayev:I think Kazakhstan and China maintain very close ties in many fields, and the total bilateral trade has reached 31 billion US dollars. China is a very reliable partner. In the future, we are ready to expand cooperation in as many fields as possible. We welcome investment from China and entrepreneurs from China, and we will warmly welcome them to invest in Kazakhstan. Personally and as president of Kazakhstan, I firmly believe that China investors are great.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:China and Kazakhstan have set up an international cooperation project in vocational education to jointly cultivate vocational and technical talents and promote Kazakhstan’s economic development. This project is called Luban Workshop. On the basis of such cooperation, how do you hope to promote the development of bilateral economic relations?

Kazakh President Tokayev:Kazakhstan and China have made outstanding achievements in the field of economic cooperation, and we need to make persistent efforts. I am looking forward to my next visit to Xi ‘an, the cradle of Chinese civilization. I believe that Kazakhstan and China need to reach a new agreement and establish new areas of cooperation. We cannot stand still and wait for results. I believe that in this complicated world, we need to work hard to promote economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. In addition, I strongly support the development of friendly and cooperative relations between the young people of the two countries. The younger generation of the two countries should fully understand each other, so we should encourage them to have more exchanges. You just mentioned luban.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:He is a very famous craftsman.

Kazakh President Tokayev:Yes, I know his story quite well, and we will actively build Luban Workshop in Kazakhstan.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:What enlightenment do you think Luban can bring to the workers of the two countries? How do you think this will help the further development of bilateral relations?

Kazakh President Tokayev:This is like a bridge, which encourages the deepening of cooperation between the two sides. I just mentioned the exchange of knowledge and views. In addition, we should attach importance to the exchanges between the cultural and sports circles of the two countries.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:Like table tennis?

　　　　　　 Kazakh President Tokayev:Yes, we welcome the famous table tennis players from China to participate. About three or four years ago, the final of the ITTF World Tour was held in Kazakhstan, and outstanding players including Ding Ning came to show their superb skills. We appreciated them very much.

Tokayev: The Belt and Road Initiative will benefit many countries.

When talking about the "Belt and Road Initiative", Tokayev said that the "Belt and Road Initiative" will bring many benefits to many countries, provide a solid foundation for mutually beneficial cooperation among countries, and is also one of the important platforms for making a voice to the international community.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:How do you evaluate the value of the Belt and Road Initiative and what changes it has brought to Kazakhstan?

Kazakh President Tokayev:This is a grand project with great prospects, and Kazakhstan is very supportive of the concept expounded here by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader ten years ago. This project will bring many benefits to many countries. Kazakhstan plays an important role in the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:Indeed, two of the six economic corridors pass through Kazakhstan.

Kazakh President Tokayev:Yes With regard to the implementation of this initiative, Kazakhstan and China have a high degree of consensus, which not only provides a solid foundation for our mutually beneficial cooperation, but also serves as one of the important platforms for us to speak to the international community.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:Indeed, the Central European train that crossed Kazakhstan played a key role during the COVID-19 epidemic, and it was one of the few passages that could transport medicines, masks and ventilators at that time, which helped people in trouble and saved their lives.

Kazakh President Tokayev:Indeed, during the epidemic, we were almost isolated. I am very grateful to China for his support and help us tide over the difficulties. As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. After the epidemic, I am full of expectations for the future trade between the two countries. I think we have many opportunities and potentials to further develop bilateral trade.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional organization with global influence. Kazakhstan will assume the rotating presidency of the SCO this year. How do you evaluate the role of the SCO in the evolving geopolitical landscape? In your opinion, what changes will Kazakhstan bring to this organization after becoming the rotating presidency?

Kazakh President Tokayev:Facts have proved that the SCO is a very promising and influential organization. This is due to China, because China strongly supported the development of the SCO from the beginning. The SCO originated from the Shanghai five-nation meeting mechanism established in 1996. At that time, as the foreign minister of Kazakhstan, I attended the inauguration ceremony. So I was very honored to participate in the activities of the SCO from the beginning. Of course, as the rotating presidency of the SCO and the host country of the meeting of the Council of Heads of State, Kazakhstan will do its utmost to enhance the potential of the SCO. I believe that the SCO is now very famous and influential in the world. As I said at the Bishkek Summit, the SCO has become one of the most mature and successful organizations in the world.

General Desk reporter Wang Guan:Some western friends will ask me curiously what kind of organization the SCO is. They will ask, is this the "Oriental version of NATO"? How do you respond to this doubt and curiosity?

Kazakh President Tokayev:The uniqueness of the SCO is that we have a very diversified agenda. We not only discuss and take actions in the security and military fields, but also make decisions in economic and trade cooperation, investment cooperation and cultural exchanges. This is a fact, not an exaggeration of the organization’s potential. I believe that the SCO still has many opportunities in the future. Crucially, we should work together to make this organization, by going up one flight of stairs, benefit from its potential and create well-being for our people.

In the first half of the year, the agricultural and rural economy was generally stable.
The annual grain production base is good.

On July 21st, the State Council Information Office held a press conference. Zeng Yande, chief agronomist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Development Planning Department, introduced the operation of agriculture and rural economy in the first half of 2023 and answered questions from reporters.

The rural industry continues to grow, and the support of scientific and technological equipment continues to increase.

"Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has paid close attention to ensuring production and supply, consolidating achievements and keeping the bottom line, coordinating and promoting revitalization, and taking various measures to increase income. In the first half of the year, the agricultural and rural economy was generally stable." Zeng Yande introduced that, on the whole, the agricultural and rural economy maintained a good momentum of development in the first half of the year, providing strong support for steady growth, stable employment and stable prices.

The summer grain harvest is good, and the grain production foundation is good throughout the year. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, this year’s summer grain output was 292.3 billion Jin, down 2.55 billion Jin from the previous year, down 0.9%, ranking the second highest in history and still being a bumper harvest season. The harvest of early rice is in sight. It is estimated that the area of early rice is more than 71 million mu, and the current harvest has exceeded 70%, showing a trend of increasing production. The growth of autumn grain crops is normal, the area of autumn grain increases steadily, and the growth is roughly the same as that of normal years. The soybean area increased slightly, and the compound planting area of soybean and corn was expanded to 20 million mu, an increase of 5 million mu over the previous year. The area of winter rape increased a lot, and the output reached a record high.

Industrial employment assistance was solidly promoted, and the results of poverty alleviation continued to be consolidated. By the end of June, about 65% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty, and the rest had implemented targeted assistance measures. The central government will promote the convergence of rural revitalization subsidy funds and strive to reach 60% of industrial development. The county-level consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization projects are planned to start 216,000 projects annually, with a starting rate of 90%. In that year, a total of 46.92 billion yuan of micro-credit was distributed to the poverty-stricken population, supporting 1.062 million poverty-stricken households and preventing the monitoring objects from returning to poverty to develop production. By the end of June, the number of migrant workers out of poverty was 32.59 million, exceeding the annual target of 2.4 million.

The support of scientific and technological equipment has been continuously enhanced, and agricultural modernization has developed steadily. In the first half of the year, about 36.63 million mu of high-standard farmland was built, and the area of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation was about 8.38 million mu. Accelerate the implementation of seed industry revitalization, the national survey of agricultural germplasm resources entered the final stage, and major agricultural biological breeding projects were promoted in an orderly manner.

Rural industries have continued to grow, and channels for increasing farmers’ employment and income have been continuously broadened. In June, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size increased by 2.2% year-on-year, and the purchasing managers’ index of national key leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization was 54.2%, up 0.3 percentage points from the previous month. We will build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 strong agricultural towns, so that more farmers can find jobs nearby. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first half of the year, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 10,551 yuan, a real increase of 7.2%, which was 2.5 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

Rural construction was promoted in an orderly manner, and rural reform continued to deepen. The living environment in rural areas continued to improve. The central government arranged 7.4 billion yuan to reward and supplement the implementation of the toilet revolution in the whole village, and arranged 3 billion yuan in the central budget to invest in supporting the infrastructure construction of rural living environment. The reform of key areas in rural areas was further promoted. After the second round of land contracting expired, the pilot project was extended for 30 years to achieve full coverage at the provincial level, and the pilot project of rural homestead reform continued to deepen. New types of agricultural business entities have been growing, with more than 2.234 million farmers’ cooperatives, 3.97 million family farms and 1.04 million agricultural socialized service organizations respectively.

Whether autumn grain can finally achieve a good harvest depends on disaster prevention and mitigation.

"It is not easy for summer grain to get a bumper harvest after a bad rain that has not happened for many years. After hard work, this result was won back and won back." Pan Wenbo, director of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in recent years, China’s annual wheat production and demand have been more than balanced, especially in the first four years, we have continuously increased wheat production, with an increase of 4.3 billion Jin in 2019, 1.5 billion Jin in 2020, 5.4 billion Jin in 2021 and 1.6 billion Jin in 2022. At present, the wheat stock is abundant, which can meet the consumption in the past year, and the wheat market price is basically stable.

This summer, some areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai region suffered from the "rotten rain" that has not happened for many years, with record-breaking high temperatures in many places in the north, and agricultural meteorological disasters were characterized by multi-point distribution and multiple disasters. According to the agricultural situation, since the beginning of this year, the cumulative affected area of crops nationwide has reached 63.1 million mu, an increase of more than 8 million mu year-on-year. According to the consultation between the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the meteorological department, agricultural disasters will be characterized by extreme weather, drought and flood, complexity and severity in the second half of the year. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will continue to base itself on flood prevention, drought resistance and disaster relief, take precautions and take the initiative to respond, strengthen disaster monitoring and dispatching, and minimize disaster losses.

The key to win a bumper harvest of grain throughout the year is autumn grain. "At present, the production situation of autumn grain is basically normal, but the key to achieving a good harvest in the end is disaster prevention and mitigation." Pan Wenbo said that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Emergency Management Department and the China Meteorological Bureau jointly held a meeting, demanding that all efforts be made to fight against disasters and win a bumper harvest of autumn grain to ensure that the annual grain output remained above 1.3 trillion Jin.

The department made further arrangements for this, focusing on the following things: (1) to implement the area of late rice and late autumn crops; Implement disaster prevention and mitigation measures; Implement large-scale bill of lading production measures; Implement fine guidance services.

More efforts should be made to release rural consumption potential and expand effective investment.

In the first half of the year, the total supply of agricultural products in China was sufficient, the prices of major varieties rose and fell, and the overall fluctuation was normal. From January to June, the National Agricultural Products Wholesale Price 200 Index monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs averaged 128.28, up 0.31 points year-on-year.

"Looking forward to the second half of the year, the supply of agricultural products in China will continue to be abundant, and prices will remain generally stable." Han Liu, head of the Department of Market and Information Technology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in terms of production, early rice showed a trend of increasing production, the area of autumn grain increased steadily and grew well, the task of expanding soybean oil seeds landed, the production capacity of meat, eggs and milk was stable, the area of vegetables in the field increased, and the foundation of "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" was solid. In terms of inventory, the inventory of rice and wheat is at a historical high level, which can meet the demand of urban and rural residents for rations for about one year. In terms of consumption, the economy is expected to continue to improve, and the second half of the year is originally the peak season for agricultural products consumption, and the market demand will be better than the first half.

In the first half of the year, the retail sales of rural consumer goods increased by 8.4% year-on-year, which was 0.3 percentage points faster than that of cities and towns. At the same time, the consumption level of farmers is relatively low, and there is still great consumption potential. How to release the rural consumption potential more vigorously? The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will focus on three aspects:

Increase income and drive consumption. Strengthen the connection between production and marketing, so that agricultural products can be sold at high prices; Develop rural characteristic industries, so that more farmers can find jobs nearby; Strengthen skills training and guide farmers to go out to work with high quality.

Innovative supply stimulates consumption. Activate traditional consumption, encourage and support rural residents to buy green household appliances, green furniture, green building materials, etc., promote new energy vehicles that meet the characteristics of rural consumption, and continuously improve consumption quality. Cultivate new consumption, focus on developing rural leisure tourism, provide more green and high-quality agricultural products and services, and attract urban residents to spend their holidays and shopping in rural areas. Innovate consumption scenarios, develop rural e-commerce, let agricultural products go out of the village to the city, and industrial products go to the countryside smoothly.

Optimize the environment and promote consumption. Improve the market system, improve the cold chain logistics system of agricultural products storage and preservation, and smooth the logistics express network. Standardize the market order, strengthen the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, carry out rural consumption activities with confidence, and improve the consumer rights protection network.

There is a huge space for investment in agriculture and rural areas, which is an important part of smoothing the urban and rural economic cycle. In view of the fact that the investment in fixed assets of the primary industry only increased by 0.1% in the first half of the year, Zeng Yande said that it should be noted that with the upgrading of the consumption structure of urban and rural residents, the consumption of meat, eggs and milk continues to increase, and the need to fill the shortcomings of agricultural and rural infrastructure, the investment space in agriculture and rural areas is broad. In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant departments, will take effective measures to intensify its work and strive to expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas. (Reporter Chang Qin)

　　CCTV News:Recently, the number of pediatric fever outpatients in some medical institutions has increased, and many children have been infected with respiratory syncytial virus. What is respiratory syncytial virus? What harm does it have? Let’s look at the expert interpretation.

　　The symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus infection are mainly nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, expectoration, fever, etc. Respiratory syncytial virus spreads through droplets and close contact, and infants and the elderly with weak constitution are prone to infection.

　　Xu Baoping, Director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common virus pathogen in our children. Although infants are infected with lower respiratory tract, bronchiolitis and pneumonia, the most important infection in older children is the common cold.

　　According to experts, in the northern region, respiratory syncytial virus is generally more common in winter and spring. In the past three years, because the public maintained good hygiene habits of wearing masks and washing their hands frequently, the infection rate was low. This year, due to the increase of public activities, the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus has also increased, and the peak of infection has been relatively delayed.

　　How to distinguish influenza, COVID-19 and syncytial virus?

　　So, what’s the difference between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza and Covid-19? How should parents respond scientifically? Continue to look at the expert interpretation.

　　Experts say that if there is no Covid-19 infected person in the family, the child will suddenly have symptoms such as fever and cough, and respiratory syncytial virus infection is more likely. The symptoms of influenza virus infection are relatively severe, mainly high fever, which often leads to aches all over, nausea and vomiting, while the typical symptoms of syncytial virus infection are cough and wheezing. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is a self-limited disease. Generally, only conventional antiviral drugs and cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving drugs are needed, and most of the symptoms will disappear within 1 to 2 weeks. After being infected with respiratory syncytial virus, the immunity can only last for a few months, so the child was infected last year and may be reinfected the next year. To prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection, we must first develop good hygiene habits.

　　Xu Baoping, Director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University:For example, keep a proper social distance, go to crowded places less in this season of high incidence of respiratory infections, and do not advocate going to school or work despite illness. When going to the hospital for medical treatment, we should wear masks or masks and do a good job of protection.

　　Another example is Zhengzhou, which was outstanding in this high temperature process. Yesterday, the highest temperature reached 39.4℃, and it is predicted that the high temperature will continue at 35℃ in the next five days. It is worth noting that Zhengzhou had a high temperature of 35℃ for seven days before June. The first high temperature sunrise was on April 30th, and the highest temperature reached 40.8℃ on May 3rd, making it the earliest record of 40℃ in Zhengzhou since 1961 and a proper barbecue mode.

Daily distribution of monthly average high temperature in Zhengzhou from 2000 to 2019.

　　Why is the temperature so high in May and June? Part of the reason may be related to global warming, but on the other hand, the temperature in the north is indeed easier to rise in May and June, which is related to the weather system that controls the area.

　　Usually, the high temperature in the north in May and June is mainly controlled by the continental high pressure ridge. Under the control of the continental high pressure, downward flow prevails and the air is dry, so the atmospheric permeability is very strong, and the solar radiation can easily reach the ground, and the radiation temperature rise is very obvious. Therefore, it is easy to have a high temperature around noon, sometimes even reaching 40℃. At this time, the somatosensory sensation is mainly dry and hot. For example, in Zhengzhou, since 1961, there have been 26 days of high temperature above 40℃, including 18 days in May and June, accounting for nearly 70% of the total days; The high temperature above 42℃ has appeared for 4 days in total, accounting for 3 days in June.

　　By July, with the subtropical high moving northward, the main influence system of high temperature in north and south is subtropical high. The water vapor in the subtropical high control area is relatively sufficient, the air humidity is high, and the body temperature is high, so people will feel stuffy. At this time, the high temperature in the south began to really exert its strength, and even lasted for more than a month. So this year’s high-temperature drama has just begun. Are you really ready?

(Editor: Su Yujun)

　　

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　　　On the afternoon of June 24th, the cmnet Development Report (2015) conference and the Mobile Internet Development Forum will be held in People’s Daily.

As an industry blue book that comprehensively observes and studies the annual development of domestic mobile Internet, cmnet Development Report has been published for the fourth consecutive year. This year’s report comprehensively combs the basic situation, key points and characteristics of cmnet in 2014, and also analyzes in detail the influence of mobile Internet on China’s industrial model, how enterprise-level applications rise, the spatio-temporal reconstruction of traditional formats by O2O, how hot the mobile Internet capital market is, the product types and innovation rules of mobile media, and the development trends of emerging fields such as mobile medical care and smart cities.

At the press conference, the Mobile Internet Development Forum will be held at the same time. At that time, experts and scholars from People’s Daily, CCTV, Tsinghua University, China Renmin University, Ai Media Consulting Group and other industries and academic circles will gather together to discuss "Mobile internet plus Media".

[Related links]

Blue Book of Mobile Internet 2015: The mobile Internet ecosystem is taking shape.

On June 24th, People’s Daily published the cmnet Development Report (2015) in Beijing. As the Blue Book of Mobile Internet published for four consecutive years, the report points out that China’s mobile Internet ecosystem is taking shape, and there is a broad imagination space for "Mobile internet plus".

In 2014, the number of mobile Internet users in China entered a period of steady growth at medium and low speed, but the world’s largest 4G network was built, with more than 800,000 stations. Shipments of domestic mobile terminals such as Lenovo, Huawei and Xiaomi jointly accounted for about 17% of the global market share in the fourth quarter of 2014. The scale of users, terminals and network infrastructure in cmnet has continued to grow steadily, with the number of mobile application developers exceeding 3 million, up by about 16% year-on-year. The ecological chain of mobile applications has initially taken shape, with high penetration and high concentration of mobile applications coexisting. Instant messaging, mobile payment, e-commerce, video, advertising, reading, medical care and other market segments have made great progress, showing great vitality. In particular, the scene application derived from O2O has changed the seller-centered venue management mode, which is completely user-centered, with the user’s walking route as the flow axis, allowing users to choose independently, which is very distinctive. Network connection, mobile devices, application services, developers and development platforms constitute a service system and business ecosystem linked by the mobile Internet.

The capital market is unprecedentedly hot. In 2014, there were more than 1,000 investment and financing cases in China’s mobile Internet field, and the investment and financing amount exceeded 16 billion US dollars.

Blue Book of Mobile Internet: Five Trends in Mobile Media Development

On the afternoon of June 24th, cmnet Development Report 2015 (Blue Book) was released in Beijing. Among them, Peng Lan, a professor at School of Journalism and Communication of China Renmin University, wrote the article "Innovation Clues and Development Trends of Mobile Media", pointing out that from the recent trend, the development of mobile media in China will be deepened in the following five directions.

The first is the deepening of socialization of news clients. Today’s news client is basically a continuation of the portal’s thinking. Although some social elements and personalized elements are embedded, socialization is still an accessory. The news client also "inherited" the overload and homogenization of portal websites. Although some clients are adopting technical filtering to provide more personalized information, technical filtering always has its limitations. Social media has already achieved the function of filtering information through social networks. How to graft the underlying structure of social media with the content architecture of news client will be one of the innovative directions of news client.

The second is the upgrade of UGC and crowdsourcing production mode. At present, the production of UGC (user-produced content) of mobile media is still limited, but simply stuffing UGC into PGC (professional production content) may not produce good results. In today’s era, we should explore more ways and mechanisms to transform UGC into PGC.

The third is the partial specialization of "self-media". In 2014, the launch of Sina Weibo’s "self-media" program means that the entry of self-media has a higher threshold. The self-media that appeared in the form of WeChat WeChat official account, headline number of today’s headlines, etc., although the threshold is relatively low, must rely on a higher professional level if it can persist.

The fourth is the acceleration of the transformation from the entrance to the platform. The integration of content, relationship and service in mobile environment makes the platformization of mobile media a trend. Platformization is also the basis for improving the profitability of mobile media. A new media platform should have the following characteristics:

Fifth, the rise of service media. Mobile media is not equal to news client, and it will have three different orientations: content media, relationship media and service media. The first two are mature today, and service media will be a development trend in the future.

Blue Book of Mobile Internet: Men prefer news clients.

The report analyzes 51 mobile news clients with high download volume in China, and finds that 72% of mobile news clients are users aged 20-39, and men prefer to use news clients to obtain information (74%, and women account for 26%). The number of client downloads in developed regions is larger.

In terms of content, users of science and technology news pay the highest attention (accounting for 77.0%; Followed by entertainment news, accounting for 68.5%; Internet news, 63.0%; Financial news, 55.6%; Social news, 54.4%. Since then, the proportion of news categories has been less than 50%, including games, sports, military, international, education, automobiles and real estate.

The report believes that in the future, the news client will develop in three aspects: video content, news information scene and mobile news socialization.

Yan Xiaoming, deputy editor-in-chief of People’s Daily: The mobile Internet is changing our production methods.

Yan Xiaoming said that the Internet is one of the greatest inventions of human society, and the mobile Internet is the most widely used and dynamic Internet. Nowadays, many traditional industries, including commerce, retail, transportation, medical care, education, tourism, manufacturing and social management, are creating new business modes, new business models and new management approaches with the help of the Internet and mobile Internet. The innovative genes of Internet thinking and mobile Internet have brought new impetus to these industries and also stimulated vitality.

Yan Xiaoming said that the mobile Internet is changing our mode of production, our way of life and even our way of life. As media people, we have personally felt the impact and change of the Internet, especially the mobile Internet.

Blue Book of Mobile Internet: Beijing Media WeChat WeChat official account is the strongest.

There are 169 and 150 media WeChat WeChat official account in North China and East China respectively, accounting for more than half of the total sample. A large number of influential media WeChat WeChat official account have gathered in the megacities such as Beishangguang. Among the top 100 media WeChat Communication Index (WCI), there are 38 WeChat WeChat official account in Beijing, accounting for nearly 40%. Among the 133 media WeChat WeChat official account in Beijing, there are 64 WeChat WeChat official account whose WCI value exceeds 1,000, accounting for more than half of the total, with strong overall strength. Compared with Beijing, the number of media WeChat WeChat official account in Shanghai has obviously decreased, only 29. Although there are only two newspapers WeChat WeChat official account, the number of readers is close to half of the total number of readers in 29 media WeChat WeChat official account. The newspaper WeChat WeChat official account is an important source of user information in Shanghai and has great influence. There are 27 media wechat WeChat official account in Guangzhou, which is comparable to that in Shanghai, including 9 newspaper wechat, with a total reading of more than 13.66 million, which is more than half of the total reading of Guangzhou media wechat WeChat official account. Its influence is not only in Guangzhou, but also in the whole country.

Some provincial capital cities and economically developed areas along the southeast coast also have a few excellent media WeChat WeChat official account. For example, two traffic broadcast WeChat WeChat official account "FM Voice of Traffic" and "Traffic 91.8" in Zhejiang Province occupy the first and second places in the WCI ranking. The number and influence of WeChat WeChat official account, a media in economically underdeveloped areas in central, northwest and southwest China, are generally insufficient.

Third-tier cities have become a strong area for the growth of mobile Internet users and the development of APP.　　

On the afternoon of June 24th, cmnet Development Report (2015) (Blue Book) was released in Beijing. Beishu pointed out that third-tier cities have become a strong area for the growth of mobile Internet users and the development of APP.

According to the Beishu data, in the fourth quarter of 2014, 58% of domestic active equipment was concentrated in third-tier and below cities, nearly three times the number of active equipment in first-tier cities. In the same period last year, only 49.6% of domestic equipment was active in third-tier and below cities. Compared with first-and second-tier cities, users in third-tier and below cities still have a lot of room to cultivate their mobile Internet usage habits. The series of O2O services mentioned above are not very popular in third-tier and below cities, and users in third-tier and below cities should be the focus of developers’ competition in the next stage.

Domestically, since January 2014, the number of mobile application openers in China has maintained an upward trend. The number of developers in first-tier cities has doubled, and that in second-tier cities has increased by more than 2.5 times. Among them, the third-tier cities and cities below the third-tier cities have the fastest growth, and the number of developers has increased more than five times. The growth rate of second-and third-tier cities and below has been much higher than that of first-tier cities, and the growth rate is faster than that of first-tier cities.

Mobile internet plus Media: the only way for the transformation of traditional media

At present, the mobile transformation of traditional media has entered the deep water area: the official Weibo and WeChat have become "standard", and the mobile news client has also shown a multi-point flowering situation. "Mobile internet plus Media" has become the only way for the transformation of traditional media. On the afternoon of 24th, the 2015 Mobile Internet Development Forum with the theme of "Mobile internet plus Media" was held in Beijing.

Liu Xiaopeng, editor-in-chief of People’s Daily client, introduced the operation of People’s News client, and pointed out that the operation of People’s Daily client always revolved around three issues: whether to know users, what to attract users and what to retain users. Based on the above three points, the People’s Daily client has undergone three major changes in the past year. First, the production mode has changed. Journalists and editors of the People’s Daily have begun to adapt to the shift from newspaper production to mobile production; Second, the connection mode with users has changed from simple and extensive to direct, close and real-time; Third, the content mode has changed to provide both high-quality content and special services.

In 2014, the amount of investment and financing in China’s mobile Internet field was nearly 100 billion yuan.

In 2014, the number of mobile Internet users in China entered a period of steady growth at medium and low speed, but the world’s largest 4G network was built, with more than 800,000 stations. The number of mobile application developers in China exceeded 3 million, up by about 16% year-on-year, and the mobile application ecological chain was initially formed.

The high penetration and high concentration of mobile applications coexist, and various market segments such as instant messaging, mobile payment, e-commerce, video, advertising, reading and medical care have made great progress and shown great vitality. In particular, the scene application derived from O2O is completely user-centered and allows users to choose independently, which is very distinctive.

In 2014, there were more than 1,000 investment and financing cases in China’s mobile Internet field, and the investment and financing amount exceeded 16 billion US dollars.

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　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must take a clear-cut stand and unswervingly adhere to the party’s management of the Internet, strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee on the work of online information, and ensure that the cause of online information always advances in the right direction." "Excerpts from the Supreme Leader’s Discourse on the Network Power" edited by the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute takes "Strengthening the Party’s Centralized and Unified Leadership over the Network Information Work" as the first topic, and includes the relevant expositions of the Supreme Leader. Seriously studying these important expositions is of great significance for us to strengthen and improve the party’s leadership over the network information work and promote the high-quality development of the network information work.

　　First, deeply understand the great significance of strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over network information work.

　　Adhere to and develop the inherent requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Party is the highest political leadership. All our undertakings are based on this foundation and rooted in this most essential feature and greatest advantage. One of the most threatening tactics used by some western countries to implement the strategy of westernization and differentiation in China is to vilify the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership in an attempt to disturb our thoughts. On the fundamental issue of upholding the party’s leadership, we must be firm, otherwise it will have subversive consequences. Network information work is a very important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great cause. "Network security and informatization are related to the long-term governance of the party, the long-term stability of the country, the economic and social development and the well-being of the people". Comrade Supreme Leader stressed: "We should plan the online information work in the overall cause of the party and the state, and earnestly strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the party."

　　The inevitable choice to meet the challenges of network information security and informatization.The world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years, and the unstable and uncertain factors have obviously increased. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, which goes hand in hand with the great changes that have never happened in a hundred years and becomes the driving force for its development, is developing in depth and gestating new major breakthroughs. The major countries in the world regard the Internet as the focus of economic development and technological innovation, and the Internet as the strategic direction to seek new competitive advantages. A new all-round comprehensive national strength competition with information network technology as the core is in full swing all over the world, and the competition for cyberspace development dominance and network-making rights is becoming increasingly fierce. The supreme leader is indifferent to the development trend and competitive situation of the world Internet, and profoundly points out: "In today’s world, whoever grasps the Internet will grasp the initiative of the times; Whoever despises the internet will be abandoned by the times. To a certain extent, it can be said that those who get the internet get the world. " He repeatedly stressed: "If you can’t pass the Internet, you can’t pass the long-term ruling." Some people try to make the Internet the biggest variable in contemporary China, and we must be highly vigilant. We must strengthen the party’s leadership, resolutely fight a tough battle to prevent and resolve major risks in network security and informatization, and provide solid security for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The major task of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and our country’s national governance is facing many new tasks and requirements, which inevitably requires the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the national governance system to be more perfect and constantly developed. The development of network information technology has brought many new problems to national governance that can not be ignored and need to be solved urgently. For example, with the continuous development of new technologies and applications of the Internet and the increasing social mobilization function of the Internet, how to strengthen cyberspace governance according to law and establish a comprehensive network governance system; How to strengthen the construction of network content and create a clean and tidy network space; How to strictly guard against cyber crimes, especially new cyber crimes, and maintain social harmony and stability; How to strengthen the construction of big data platform and promote the refinement and intelligence of social governance, and so on. With the development of network information technology, Internet governance will follow. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "Information is an important basis for national governance, and it should play an important role in this process", and "the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity should be promoted by informationization". Improving the level of network governance and promoting the construction of the Internet is itself the proper meaning of our party in promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over online information work has become an important aspect of improving the party’s long-term ruling ability.

　　Second, strengthen institutional mechanisms and capacity building.

　　Improve and perfect the system and mechanism of the party’s leading network letter work.After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, starting from the great struggle with many new historical features, the CPC Central Committee attached importance to, developed and governed the Internet, set up a central leading group for cyber security and informatization, coordinated and coordinated major issues concerning informatization and cyber security in political, economic, cultural, social and military fields, made a series of major decisions and arrangements, and promoted the historic achievements of China’s cyber information industry. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a network power, a digital China and a smart society, and the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to strengthen and optimize the Party’s leadership over network information work. These are all major decisions made by the CPC Central Committee from the overall development of the cause of the party and the country. The decision of the CPC Central Committee to change the Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization into a committee is to strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "It is necessary to give full play to the decision-making and overall coordination role of the Central Cyber Security and Informatization Committee, and set the tone, make a decision and urge on key issues, complex issues and difficult issues." The Committee is a decision-making and deliberation coordination body. The specific work should be promoted by the Central Network Information Office, and relevant departments should also play a good role.

　　The Internet is a net, and the work of online information should be a chess game.The supreme leader comrade stressed that it is necessary to speed up the construction of the three-level work system of network information, implement the dual management system of the main responsible comrades of local network information departments, and ensure the linkage between the upper and lower levels and the prohibition of orders. All localities and departments should attach great importance to online information work, incorporate it into key work plans and important agendas, listen to reports regularly, strengthen policy research, increase investment in all aspects, and solve new situations and problems in a timely manner. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of organizations such as workers, youth and women, give full play to the role of enterprises, research institutes and think tanks, and gather all social forces in Qi Xin to work together to promote the work of online information.

　　Improve the ability to use the network to manage the network.In the contemporary era, if you don’t understand the Internet and are not good at using it, you can’t work effectively. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "We should strengthen the ability of reform and innovation, maintain the spirit of forge ahead, be good at promoting work creatively in combination with reality, and be good at using Internet technology and information technology to carry out our work." Leading cadres at all levels should actively adapt to the requirements of informationization, strengthen Internet thinking, learn, understand and use the Internet, and actively plan, promote and guide the development of the Internet. It is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between security and development, openness and autonomy, management and service, and constantly improve the ability to grasp the laws of the Internet, guide online public opinion, control the development of information technology, and ensure network security, so as to continuously push forward the construction of a network power.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must scientifically understand the law of network communication, accurately grasp the generation and evolution mechanism of online public opinion, constantly promote the innovation of work concepts, methods and means, carrier channels and institutional mechanisms, improve the level of network governance, and make the biggest variable of the Internet the biggest increment of career development." He stressed that leading cadres at all levels should enhance their ability to deal with the media and constantly improve their ability and level of governing the country. He keenly captured the development status and trend of blockchain technology and emphasized the need to improve the ability to use and manage blockchain technology.

　　Improve the working ability of the network masses.Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "Being good at using the Internet to understand public opinion and carry out work is the basic skill for leading cadres to do a good job under the new situation." We should take the online mass line well, improve our ability to organize, publicize, guide and serve the masses through the Internet, and make the Internet a new platform for us to communicate with the masses, a new way to understand the masses, be close to them and solve problems for them, and a new channel to carry forward people’s democracy and accept people’s supervision.

　　Third, ensure that the network letter business always advances in the right direction.

　　Adhere to the party’s principle of managing the media.Comrade Supreme Leader emphasized that the party’s management of the media means that all kinds of media at all levels are placed under the leadership of the party. It cannot be said that only the media directly controlled by the party can be ignored, and the principle of the party’s management of the media cannot be shelved. He pointed out: "Managing the Internet well is the key to controlling the position of news and public opinion under the new situation. The key point is to solve the problem of who will manage it and how to manage it." To implement the principle of the Party’s management of the media in the field of new media, all communication platforms engaged in news information services with media attributes and public opinion mobilization functions should be included in the scope of management, and all news information services and related business practitioners should implement access management. He attaches great importance to the development of media integration and emphasizes that party committees and governments at all levels should increase their support for media integration and development from the aspects of policies, funds and talents. Propaganda and management departments at all levels should reform and innovate the management mechanism, implement policies and measures to promote the development of media integration in the right direction.

　　Strengthen the construction of cadres.Promoting the healthy development of network information work is inseparable from an excellent cadre team. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: "Internet management is a highly political job, and stressing politics is the first requirement for the network information department." We must constantly strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses", persist in putting the party’s political construction in the first place, consciously safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, consciously maintain a high degree of unity with the Party Central Committee in ideological and political actions, and intensify efforts to build a good team and strictly manage the team in an all-round way. It is necessary to select and match leading cadres at all levels of network information, take stressing politics, understanding the network, daring to take responsibility and being good at innovation as important criteria, and truly select and use good cadres to provide strong organizational and team guarantee for the development of network information.

　　Do a good job in the party’s management of talents.Cyberspace competition, in the final analysis, is talent competition. Internet is a technology-intensive industry, and it is also one of the fastest fields of technology update. The development of China’s network information industry must fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of entrepreneurs, experts and scholars and scientific and technological personnel. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out: Party committees and governments at all levels should respect knowledge and talents from the bottom of their hearts, create favorable conditions for talents to display their intelligence, create a relaxed environment and provide a broad platform. In particular, he stressed: our minds should turn around, and we should attach importance to both capital and talents, further increase the intensity of introducing talents, and further step forward the reform of the talent system and mechanism. . He repeatedly stressed the need to formulate measures to attract, train and retain talents, establish a personnel system, a salary system and a talent evaluation mechanism adapted to the characteristics of online information, and establish a flexible talent incentive mechanism so that talents can flow in an orderly and smooth manner.

　　Implement the party’s leadership in all aspects of the whole process of online information work.Comrade Supreme Leader stressed: We must implement the people-centered development thought, so that the people can have more sense of gain, happiness and security in the development of informatization; Take the road of governing the internet with China characteristics and strive to build China into a network power; Control the dominance of network ideology and resolutely win the struggle of network ideology; Strengthen the construction of Internet content and construct concentric circles online and offline; Improve the level of network security and build a strong national network security; Take the road of independent innovation and accelerate the breakthrough of core technologies in the information field; Give play to the driving and leading role of informatization in economic and social development, form new development momentum, shape new competitive advantages, and strive to achieve high-quality development; Promote the reform of the global governance system of the Internet and jointly build a community of cyberspace destiny. The second to ninth topics of "Excerpts from the Supreme Leader’s Discourse on Network Power" have profoundly expounded these and made strategic arrangements.

　　(Author: Deputy Director and Researcher of the First Research Department of the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute)